The frontside of this gem is engraved with a depiction of the Graeko-Egyptian deity Sarapis with Cerberus. The backside comprises a list of divine names and/or words of power.
The purpose of the gem is not mentioned in the inscription. The Greek Magical Papyrus PGM I, 240 contains an instruction for a papyrus artefact for better memory. The inscription comprises the same name or word of power: Noucha Noucha Linoucha
Artefacts for better memory often occur in contexts of divination rituals. Their purpose is to ensure that the practitioner remembers everything the divining deity says.
Infographic from my new book “The Archaeology of Ancient Magic”.
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Lapis Lazuli, 2nd century, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 10.130.1388
